The objective of this paper is to introduce the reader to the sector-specific applications of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), namely health. In order for advocacy action to be successful, the agents working for increased efficiency of the PRSP process have to know the opportunities and difficulties pertaining to these two sectors of societal development. Each sector has its own specific realities and corresponding analytical and theoretical underpinnings. What follows are overviews of key actors’ approaches to the improvement of health services delivered to the poor within the context of PRSP processes. In turn, the improved health conditions will contribute to the more sustained livelihood and poverty reduction.